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FEDERALIST NO. 21

Other Defects of the Present Confederation
For the Independent Journal.
Author: Alexander Hamilton

Federalist Papers Audio

1 – General Introduction

2 – Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence

3 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence

4 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers From Foreign Force and Influence

5 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Foreign Force and Influence

6 – Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States

7 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning Dangers from Dissensions Between the States

8 – The Consequences of Hostilities Between the States

9 – The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection

10 – The Same Subject Continued: The Union as a Safeguard Against Domestic Faction and Insurrection

11 – The Utility of the Union in Respect to Commercial Relations and a Navy

12 – The Utility of the Union In Respect to Revenue

13 – Advantage of the Union in Respect to Economy in Government

14 – Objections to the Proposed Constitution From Extent of Territory Answered

15 – The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

16 – The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

17 – The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

18 – The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

19 – The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

20 – The Same Subject Continued: The Insufficiency of the Present Confederation to Preserve the Union

21 – Other Defects of the Present Confederation

22 – The Same Subject Continued: Other Defects of the Present Confederation

23 – The Necessity of a Government as Energetic as the One Proposed to the Preservation of the Union

24 – The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered

25 – The Same Subject Continued: The Powers Necessary to the Common Defense Further Considered

26 – The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered

27 – The Same Subject Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered

28 – The Same Subject Continued: The Idea of Restraining the Legislative Authority in Regard to the Common Defense Considered

29 – Concerning the Militia

30 – Concerning the General Power of Taxation

31 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

32 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

33 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

34 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

35 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

36 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation

37 – Concerning the Difficulties of the Convention in Devising a Proper Form of Government

38 – The Same Subject Continued, and the Incoherence of the Objections to the New Plan Exposed

39 – The Conformity of the Plan to Republican Principles

40 – The Powers of the Convention to Form a Mixed Government Examined and Sustained

41 – General View of the Powers Conferred by the Constitution

42 – The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered

43 – The Same Subject Continued: The Powers Conferred by the Constitution Further Considered

44 – Restrictions on the Authority of the Several States

45 – The Alleged Danger From the Powers of the Union to the State Governments Considered

46 – The Influence of the State and Federal Governments Compared

47 – The Particular Structure of the New Government and the Distribution of Power Among Its Different Parts

48 – These Departments Should Not Be So Far Separated as to Have No Constitutional Control Over Each Other

49 – Method of Guarding Against the Encroachments of Any One Department of Government by Appealing to the People Through a Convention

50 – Periodic Appeals to the People Considered

51 – The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments

52 – The House of Representatives

53 – The Same Subject Continued: The House of Representatives

54 – The Apportionment of Members Among the States

55 – The Total Number of the House of Representatives

56 – The Same Subject Continued: The Total Number of the House of Representatives

57 – The Alleged Tendency of the New Plan to Elevate the Few at the Expense of the Many Considered in Connection with Representation

58 – Objection That The Number of Members Will Not Be Augmented as the Progress of Population Demands Considered

59 – Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members

60 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members

61 – The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the Power of Congress to Regulate the Election of Members

62 – The Senate

63 – The Senate Continued

64 – The Powers of the Senate

65 – The Powers of the Senate Continued

66 – Objections to the Power of the Senate To Set as a Court for Impeachments Further Considered

67 – The Executive Department

68 – The Mode of Electing the President

69 – The Real Character of the Executive

70 – The Executive Department Further Considered

71 – The Duration in Office of the Executive

72 – The Same Subject Continued, and Re-Eligibility of the Executive Considered

73 – The Provision For The Support of the Executive, and the Veto Power

74 – The Command of the Military and Naval Forces, and the Pardoning Power of the Executive

75 – The Treaty Making Power of the Executive

76 – The Appointing Power of the Executive

77 – The Appointing Power Continued and Other Powers of the Executive Considered

78 – The Judiciary Department

79 – The Judiciary Department Continued

80 – The Powers of the Judiciary

81 – The Judiciary Continued, and the Distribution of the Judicial Authority

82 – The Judiciary Continued

83 – The Judiciary Continued in Relation to Trial by Jury

84 – Certain General and Miscellaneous Objections to the Constitution Considered and Answered

85 – Concluding Remarks

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